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In conclusion, we shown that undoped scintillator crystals: BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO are productive nonlinear resources for broadband SC technology from the in the vicinity of-infrared and small-wave infrared spectral ranges, when pumped by one hundred eighty fs basic harmonic pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser. YSO, LSO and LYSO developed two octave-spanning SC spectra, which Examine to SC spectra created in YAG. These elements exhibit quite equivalent performances to YAG also when it comes to threshold and best pump pulse energies for SC technology. Nevertheless, for what worries the chance to operate at higher laser pulse repetition fee, YSO, LSO and LYSO present sturdy operation only at ten kHz and rapidly degrade (inside of a couple of minutes) at twenty kHz. In addition to the fairly small SC era threshold (169 nJ), GGG shown superb overall performance attributes during the limited-wave infrared While using the ideal pump pulse Electricity of 464 nJ, which happens to be two times reduced than in YAG: the most important red-shifted spectral broadening and the highest spectral Vitality density, outperforming KGW and YAG crystals in that facet.

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Amplified pulses having an Vitality earlier mentioned two.five mJ might be envisioned by making use of a higher pump electric power towards the regenerative amplifier and rendering it function in the saturation level. The laser fluence of ~1 J/cm2 on the dichroic mirrors is thought to get beneath the harm threshold of large-high quality dielectric-coated mirrors.

Even so, as soon as Nd3+:YAG grew to become commercially accessible, the fascination in CaWO4 dropped sharply. In afterwards decades, sure other tungstate crystals started to entice lots of attention.

Eventually, we investigated the very long-phrase performances of SC technology in crystal samples beneath best pumping ailments at higher laser repetition costs. In doing so, the crystal samples were not translated and stored in a very stationary position with respect to your pump beam in the course of the total measurement. The examples illustrating robust prolonged-time period performances of SC era in KGW and YAG crystals at significant laser repetition rates could be found somewhere else. Much more particularly, stable performance of KGW crystal at two MHz pulse repetition price less than quite related pump beam concentrating geometry was documented recently30, While YAG crystal shown stable efficiency for several several hours at 200 kHz pulse repetition fee Despite having really limited focusing in the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The extensive-expression effectiveness tests in LSO, LYSO and YSO exposed gradual narrowing of your SC spectra over the extensive-wavelength facet that occurred immediately after a specific publicity time and will be attributed to the optical degradation of those elements. For illustration, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was noticed after (sim 20) minutes in a laser repetition fee of ten kHz, even though at a laser repetition level of twenty kHz, steady SC generation efficiency was observed just for approximately 2 min.

]. This process was based on The point that the spectral emission cross-part curves vary from each other when laser polarization is paralleled to the several optical axis of Yb-doped double tungstates[

Determine four Beam radius variation on the two crystals while switching the focal length from the thermal lensing influence.

The Martinez stretcher stretched the seed pulses to ~250 ps with 1600 grooves/mm grating. The enter from the stretcher (incident angle: fifty two°) Which from the compressor incident for the grating were from the identical aspect; consequently, a slight angular tuning with the grating could possibly be created to get the most beneficial compression consequence. While in the compressor, the input angle within the grating and the distance in between the interpretation phase (S1) as well as transmission grating (TG) ended up created to compensate to the stretcher dispersion and all dispersion released by the materials.

-switched click here laser output beneath the two crystal placement configurations. The black line denotes the configuration While using the crystals put in the exact same orientation, although the red line is beneath the configuration of crystals positioned in orthogonal orientation.

Figure eight Intra-cavity pulse amplification approach monitored by an oscilloscope. The pulse underwent an unsaturated amplification due to the mirror destruction limitation.

Assembling tungsten oxide hydrate nanocrystal colloids shaped by laser ablation in liquid into quickly-response electrochromic films.